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| Bandung | |
|---|---|
| City | |
| City of Bandung Kota Bandung | |
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Sundanese | ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ |
| From top, left to correct: Bandung Skyline, Bandung Tour on Bus, Sabilulungan Tower, Alun-Alun Bandung with Grand Mosque of Bandung on background, Front view of Gedung Sate, Pasupati Bridge, and Cihampelas Walk | |
| Flag Coat of arms | |
| Nicknames: Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) | |
| Motto(s): Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti | |
 | |
| Bandung Location in Java and Indonesia Show map of Java Bandung Bandung (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia | |
| Coordinates: six°54′43″S 107°36′35″East / 6.9120°Due south 107.6097°E / -6.9120; 107.6097 Coordinates: 6°54′43″S 107°36′35″East / half dozen.9120°Southward 107.6097°E / -half-dozen.9120; 107.6097 | |
| Land |  Republic of indonesia |
| Province |  West Java |
| Founded | 25 September 1810[i] |
| Incorporated (as gemeente) | 1 Apr 1906[1] |
| Administrative division | 30 districts 153 urban villages |
| Government | |
| • Body | Bandung City Government |
| • Mayor | Yana Mulyana |
| Area | |
| • Total | 167.31 km2 (64.threescore sq mi) |
| • Urban | 487 km2 (188 sq mi) |
| • Metro | one,876.8 km2 (724.half dozen sq mi) |
| Elevation [2] | 708 thousand (ii,323 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 1,050 grand (3,440 ft) |
| Lowest peak | 665 m (two,182 ft) |
| Population (mid 2021 Estimate [3]) | |
| • Total | 2,452,943 (4th) |
| • Density | fourteen,661/kmtwo (37,970/sq mi) |
| • Urban [4] | 8,357,393 (2d) |
| • Urban density | 14,507/kmii (37,570/sq mi) |
| • Metro [5] | eleven,790,656 (2nd) |
| • Metro density | 4,453/km2 (eleven,530/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | Bandungite Orang/Warga Bandung (id) Urang/Wargi Bandung (su) |
| Demographics | |
| Fourth dimension zone | UTC+07:00 (Western Republic of indonesia Time/W.I.B) |
| Postcodes | 401xx, 402xx, 406xx |
| Expanse code | (+62) 22 |
| Registration plate | D |
| Nominal Gross domestic product[six] | 2019 |
| - Total | Rp 289.3 trillion (3rd) $ 20.four billion $ 67.3 billion (PPP) |
| - Per capita | Rp 115,382 thousand (11th) $ 8,160 $ 26,820 (PPP) |
| - Growth |  6.0% |
| HDI (2019) | 0.816 (twelfth) Very Loftier |
| Largest district past area | Gedebage – 9.58 foursquare kilometres (iii.seventy sq mi) |
| Largest commune by population | Babakan Ciparay (147,388 – 2015 est) |
| Website | bandung.go.id |
Bandung (Sundanese: ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, romanized: Bandung , Sundanese pronunciation: [ˈbandʊŋ]; ) is the capital metropolis of the Indonesian province of Due west Java.[7] Information technology has a population of 2,452,943 inside its metropolis limits co-ordinate to the official estimates as at mid 2021, making it the fourth most populous city in Indonesia. Greater Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area/BBMA) is the country's 3rd-largest metropolitan area, with nearly nine million inhabitants.[8] [5] Located 768 metres (ii,520 feet) above sea level, the highest point in the Due north surface area with an altitude of i,050 meters and the lowest in the South is 675 meters to a higher place ocean level, approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Dki jakarta, Bandung has cooler yr-round temperatures than near other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provides a natural defence organization, which was the principal reason for the Dutch East Indies government'due south programme to movement the capital letter from Batavia (modernistic-day Dki jakarta) to Bandung.
The Dutch first established tea plantations around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial capital Batavia (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). In the early 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the city to exist nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
After Indonesia alleged independence in 1945, the metropolis experienced ongoing evolution and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km2 (per foursquare kilometre) metropolitan surface area with living infinite for over 8 million people. New skyscrapers, loftier-ascension buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed. Natural resources have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland surface area into highland villas and real estate. Although the urban center has encountered many bug (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated traffic system resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), information technology all the same attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Republic of indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among major cities in ASEAN.[9] The city is too known equally a Smart City, leveraging technology to amend regime services and social media that alert residents to issues such every bit floods or traffic jams. Bandung is Indonesia's major technology middle.[ten] [eleven] The city is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, which it joined in 2015.[12]
The first Asian-African Briefing, the Bandung Briefing, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955. Redevelopment of the existing Husein Sastranegara International Airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. To meliorate infrastructure, the construction of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail was started in 2016 and was projected to be completed in 2021. This was to be complemented past an indigenous type of Automated People Mover (APM) and Light Track Transit (LRT).[13] [fourteen] The new larger second airport, Bandung Kertajati International Drome (KJT), opened in June 2018, simply in time for the 2018 Asian Games.
History [edit]
Gedung Merdeka (Independence Edifice) during the Asian-African Conference in 1955
The official proper name of the city during the colonial Dutch Eastward Indies period was Bandoeng. The earliest reference to the surface area dates back to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest a type of Homo erectus species had long previously lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and effectually the quondam lake of Bandung.[xv] During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) established plantations in the Bandung area. In 1786, a supply route connecting Batavia (now Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was constructed. In 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor and conquistador of much of Europe, including the Netherlands and its colonies, ordered the Dutch Indies Governor H.W. Daendels to better the defensive systems of Java to protect against the British in India. Daendels congenital a road stretching approximately ane,000 km (620 mi) from the west to the east coast of Java, passing through Bandung.[16] [17] In 1810, the road was laid downwardly in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'Great Post Road'), the nowadays-twenty-four hour period location of Jalan Asia-Afrika. Nether Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the Chief Ambassador of the Bandung regency at that fourth dimension, moved the office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the city square (alun-alun). He congenital his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the g mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting identify) in the classical Sundanese orientation,[18] with the pendopo facing Tangkuban Perahu mountain, which was believed to take a mystical ambience. In 1856, Bandung also became the uppercase of the Preanger Regencies Residency, which it would remain until 1925.
Coat of Arms of Bandung during Dutch Colonial era, adopted in 1925
In 1880, the first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was completed,[19] boosting the light industry in Bandung. Chinese flocked into the metropolis to help run facilities, services and vendors. The area adjacent to the train station is still recognisable as the one-time Chinatown commune. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality), and then twenty years later, stadsgemeente (city municipality).
First of time the early on 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government made plans to motility their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial government commenced construction of armed forces barracks, the building housing the colonial Section of State-Owned Enterprises (Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven, the nowadays-twenty-four hour period Gedung Sate) and other government buildings. Even so, this programme was cut short past World War II, after which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony due to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence.
The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. In the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant.[20] With its cooler elevated mural, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort area.[21] Wealthy plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the capital, Batavia. Jalan Braga grew into a promenade street with cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. 2 fine art-deco style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a clubhouse for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre.[nineteen]
After Indonesian independence in 1945, Bandung was designated every bit the majuscule of W Java province. During the Indonesian National Revolution, some of the most massive battles occurred in and around Bandung. Dutch troops were virtually absent in Java at the end of World War 2. To assist the restoration of Dutch sovereignty, the British took a military concur on Java'southward major cities, and the British military commander set an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern office of Bandung was deliberately set alight as the combatants left; an event known as Bandung Lautan Api or the 'Bandung Bounding main of Fire'.[22]
In 1955, the first Asian-African Conference, also known as the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno and attended past the heads of states representing twenty-ix contained countries from Asia and Africa.[23] The briefing venue was at the Gedung Merdeka, the sometime Concordia Order building. The briefing announced ten points of declaration for the promotion of globe peace and opposition against colonialism and is known as the Declaration of Bandung. This was followed by a wave of nationalism and decolonisation movements around the globe which remapped world politics.[24] The conference was also the starting time international conference of people of color in history.[25] In his book The Color Mantle, Richard Wright claims that there was an epic meaning to the conference for people of colour around the globe.[25]
In 1987, the metropolis boundary was expanded past the 'Greater Bandung' (Bandung Raya) programme, with the relocation of higher concentration development zones exterior the urban center in an attempt to dilute population density in the old city. During this development, the city core was frequently uprooted, with former buildings torn down, lot sizes regrouped and rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with bustling chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments.[21]
In 2005, an Asian-African Conference was partly held in Bandung, attended by world leaders including Indonesian President Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime Government minister of Bharat Manmohan Singh, President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki and President of Nigeria Obasanjo.[26]
Geography [edit]
Bandung Basin viewed from Gunung Batu in the north, Mount Malabar tin be seen in the distance.
Bandung, the capital letter of Due west Coffee province, is located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Dki jakarta. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) in a higher place sea level and is surrounded by up to ii,400 metres (7,900 feet) high Tardily 3rd and Quaternary volcanic terrain.[27] The 400 km2 flat of central Bandung patently is situated in the eye of two,340.88 foursquare kilometres (903.82 sq mi) broad of the Bandung Bowl; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi city, function of Bandung Regency, part of Due west Bandung Regency, and office of Sumedang Regency.[28] The basin'due south main river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from north to south earlier it merges with Citarum over again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an essential source of water for potable water, irrigation, and fisheries, with its 6,147 1000000 m3 (217.one billion cu ft) of groundwater existence a significant reservoir for the city.[28] The northern section of Bandung is hillier than other parts of the city, and the unique truncated flat-tiptop shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally ways 'upside-downwards boat') can be seen from the urban center to the n. Long-term volcanic activeness has created fertile andisol soil in the northward, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco, and coffee plantations. In the south and east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river predominate.
Tea plantations in Ciwidey
Geological data shows that the Bandung Bowl is located on an ancient volcano, known as Mountain Sunda, erected upwards to three,000–four,000 metres (ix,800–xiii,100 anxiety) during the Pleistocene age.[29] Two large-calibration eruptions took identify; the first formed the bowl, and the second (est. 55,000 BCE) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung".[30] The lake tuckered away; for reasons which are the subject of ongoing debate among geologists.[31] [32]
Climate [edit]
Bandung experiences tropical monsoon climate (Am) according to Köppen climate classification as the driest calendar month precipitation total is below 60 millimetres (two.four in), bordering with subtropical highland climate (Cfb). The wettest calendar month is February, with a precipitation total of 255.0 millimetres (10.04 in), while the driest calendar month is September, with a atmospheric precipitation total of 50.0 millimetres (1.97 in). The average temperature throughout the twelvemonth tends to be cooler than most cities in Indonesia due to the distance influence. The average temperature throughout the yr but has petty variation due to its location about the equator.
| Climate data for Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia (temperature: 1972-1994, precipitation: 1957-1994) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | November | December | Yr |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.2 (90.0) | 31.one (88.0) | 32.two (ninety.0) | 30.six (87.i) | 31.one (88.0) | 30.vi (87.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.eight (91.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.9 (93.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 34.4 (93.9) |
| Average loftier °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.vii (lxxx.1) | 27.ii (81.0) | 27.viii (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.viii (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.three (82.ix) | 28.ix (84.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 27.eight (82.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.viii (82.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.3 (73.ix) | 23.i (73.6) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.three (73.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.3 (73.ix) | 23.vi (74.five) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.3 (73.nine) | 23.2 (73.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | nineteen.4 (66.9) | 19.4 (66.ix) | nineteen.4 (66.nine) | xviii.9 (66.0) | 17.viii (64.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.three (64.ix) | 18.ix (66.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.six (65.v) |
| Record depression °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.half dozen (60.one) | xv.0 (59.0) | thirteen.ix (57.0) | 13.nine (57.0) | eleven.vii (53.1) | 11.1 (52.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 11.7 (53.1) | thirteen.9 (57.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 15.0 (59.0) | 11.i (52.0) |
| Average atmospheric precipitation mm (inches) | 240.0 (9.45) | 255.0 (10.04) | 239.0 (9.41) | 143.0 (5.63) | 116.ane (iv.57) | 102.1 (4.02) | 69.1 (2.72) | 56.9 (2.24) | fifty.0 (ane.97) | 151.1 (v.95) | 200.9 (7.91) | 215.i (8.47) | 1,838.iii (72.38) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[33] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Bandung, Indonesia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | November | Dec | Year |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155 | 168 | 186 | 210 | 217 | 240 | 248 | 248 | 210 | 217 | 180 | 186 | 2,465 |
| Hateful daily sunshine hours | 5.0 | 6.0 | six.0 | 7.0 | vii.0 | eight.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | half dozen.0 | 6.0 | six.8 |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.eight | 11.9 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.1 |
| Pct possible sunshine | 40 | 49 | 50 | 58 | 59 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 58 | 57 | 48 | 48 | 56 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | eleven | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Source: Atmospheric condition Atlas [34] | |||||||||||||
Environmental issues [edit]
The north of the city serves as a water reservoir for Bandung. However, the expanse has seen substantial residential development. Several attempts to protect this area take been made, including creating reserves such every bit the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but development continues. Regular flooding in Bandung's south also presents a real and unsafe ongoing problem.[35]
From mid-2005, Bandung faced some other ecology disaster when the city's landfill site was reevaluated after a garbage slide 2005 which buried a village, Kampung Gajah, below it, killing over a hundred people.[36] The accumulation of 8,000 miii/d (3,300 cu ft/ks) of domestic garbage causes severe air pollution by local burning, the spread of disease, and water contamination. The provincial government has failed in its attempts to solve the garbage upshot.[37] [38] Nevertheless, it was awarded in 1997 and 2015 every bit the least polluted city in the country.[39] [40] Further, a regional award in 2017 was also given from Association of southeast asian nations for the cleanest air amidst other major cities in Asean countries.[41]
Administrative divisions [edit]
Villages (kelurahan) of Bandung, with all villages in the same district (kecamatan) having the same colour
City Subregions of Bandung
| Arcamanik Bojonagara Cibeunying | Gedébagé Karéés Kordon | Tegalega Ujungberung |
The city expanse in 1906 was 19.22 square kilometres (7.42 square miles), and past 1987, it had expanded to 167.2965 kmii.[42] The city administration is divided into 30 districts (kecamatan) and 153 villages (kelurahan). For development purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into eight sub-metropolis regions.[43] The sub-metropolis regions of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (walikota) - Oded Muhammad Danial 2018 - leads the city administration. Since 2008, city residents have directly voted for a mayor; previously, mayors were nominated and selected by the city council - the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), which has 50 members. Every bit of 2003, the total number of urban center administration personnel was 20,163.[42] [44]
Bandung Urban center is divided into xxx districts[45] (kecamatan), listed below with their populations at the 2010 Census:[46]
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Economy [edit]
The city's economy is mainly built upon tourism, business organisation, creative industry, loftier-tech and manufacturing industries, educational institutions, engineering, retail services, financial services, pharmaceutical companies, and nutrient product.[26] The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important business organisation and entertainment centre with chic cafés and restaurants spread out along Jalan Dago. In the early on 1990s, Jalan Cihampelas became a popular clothing store location and remains so today.
Artistic culture has shaped specific parts of the urban center's economy. Small businesses, known as "distro", sell non-trademarked products made by local designers. Typical distro products are books, indie label records, magazines, fashion products, and other accessories. Distros are pop with young people and distance themselves from manufactory outlets in terms of philosophy. They arise from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while mill outlet products generally come up from large-scale garment factories.[47]
The metropolis administration has agreed to substantially develop seven industrial and trade areas for Bandung speciality products.[48] These include Binong Jati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center, Cigondewah Material Merchandise Eye, Cihampelas Jeans Trade Center, Suci (T and Ellipsoidal) Shirt Industrial Center, Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Center, Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center, Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center.
Demographics [edit]
In 2005, the population of Bandung was ii.29 million people with a density of 13,690/km2 (35,457/sq mi).[49] The May 2010 census enumerated two.395 million people[50] and that of May 2020 enumerated 2.444 one thousand thousand.[51]Based on data from Statistics Indonesia, the population of Bandung in mid 2021 was 2.453 million,[52] making Bandung the fourth near populous city in Indonesia.
| Year | 2005 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | ii,290,464 | two,394,873 | 2,444,160 | 2,452,943 |
| Population density (per km2) | xiii,690 | 14,314 | fourteen,609 | 14,661 |
The majority of Bandung's population is of Sundanese descent. Javanese are the most significant minority and mostly come up from the primal and the eastern parts of Java. Other minorities include Minang, Minahasan, Chinese, Batak, Malay, Korean, Indian, and Japanese. Bandung also possesses significant international communities compared with other Indonesian cities.
Culture [edit]
Bandung is a significant cultural hub in Indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of W Coffee are ethnically Sundanese, with Sundanese often spoken as a offset language, and the standard and breezy language for communication in streets, school, piece of work, and markets. As in the rest of the state, standard Indonesian serves as the lingua franca and primary language of government, business, media, and formal didactics.
Architecture [edit]
Bandung is habitation to numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture, near notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed New Indies Style. Henri Maclaine Pont was among the starting time Dutch architects to recognise the importance of combining each architectural mode with local cultural traditions. He stressed that mod architecture should interact with local history and native elements.[53] In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the offset technical university in the Dutch East Indies, Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the present-day Bandung Institute of Technology). He was named a Professor of Architecture at the academy. A hitting local Sundanese roof style is seen adorning the superlative of the campus' ceremonial hall and is embedded in his artwork.[53]
In the aforementioned twelvemonth, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed Gouverments Bedrijven (Government Companies) in line with the colonial government's programme to motility the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The building is known equally Gedung Sate, named after the distinguished small satay-shaped structure on the roof, and is today used as the head part of the West Java provincial government and House of Representatives. The edifice is an instance of a harmonious mixture between West and East architectural styles, particularly the Italian Renaissance way of arch structures in the wings and pendopo-similar structures normally institute in Coffee in the centre section.
Several Dutch architects who shaped the metropolis landmarks the architectural blending of modern and native traditions. In the 1930s, Bandung became known every bit an architectural laboratory due to the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added the streamline moderne way to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS banking company (1936) and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker was one of the architects who enormously added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarters (1918), Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).[53]
Though Bandung is known for its many erstwhile Dutch compages buildings, the urban center is recently going through a high-rise building blast. There are more than 100 loftier rise buildings in the city, and many more than are under construction or planned.[54] The following listing includes buildings in Bandung that are completed or topped off and in a higher place 300 ft (91 m).
| Name | Floors | Height m | Year | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soetta Sky Park | 40 | 162 | 2021 | The tallest building project, topping off 2020[55] |
| Galeri Cimbuleuit 2 | 36 | 141 | 2014 | At nowadays the tallest building in Bandung[55] |
| Parahyangan Residences A | 35 | 150 | 2016 | [56] |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment A | 32 | 121 | 2016 | [57] |
| Tamansari Panoramic Flat | thirty | 115 | 2014 | [58] |
| Ibis Hotel Bandung | 24 | 111 | 2011 | |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Apartment B | thirty | 110 | 2016 | |
| Harris Hotel Ciumbuleuit | 28 | 110 | 2014 | |
| Crowne Plaza Hotel | 21 | 109 | 2014 | |
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit III | xxx | 106 | 2016 | |
| The Trans Luxury Hotel | 20 | 102 | 2012 | |
| Newton Hybrid Park III | 26 | 102 | 2017 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Flat I | 25 | 100 | 2013 | [59] |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment II | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Flat 3 | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Flat IV | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| Grand Asia Afrika Residence A | 24 | 100 | 2016 | [60] |
| Grand Asia Afrika Residence B | 24 | 100 | 2016 | |
| Gateway Apartment A | 23 | 91 | 2013 | |
| Gateway Flat B | 23 | 91 | 2012 | |
| Sudirman Suites Apartment | 22 | |||
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit | 22 | 2005 |
Panoramic view of central Bandung
Tourism [edit]
Bandung is a popular weekend destination for residents of Jakarta. The colder climate of the highland plantation area, diverseness of food, less expensive fashion shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf courses, and the zoo, are some of the attractions of the city.[61] Bandung is also a pop shopping destination due to the inexpensive cloth and style products, especially for Malaysian and Singaporean tourists.[62]
In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Jalan Cihampelas, which was transformed into a "jeans street". The city attracts people from other big cities to purchase local fashion wares, equally they are cheaper than branded items.[63] Beside Jalan Cihampelas, many manufactory outlets as well opened at Jalan Riau, Jalan Setiabudi, and Jalan Djuanda (known as Dago). Textile factories on the outskirts of Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what is marketed every bit sisa export (rejected or over-produced consign quality items).[64] Trans Studio Mall, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Mall and 23 Paskal Shopping Center are among the pop shopping centres in Bandung.
Pregnant tourist sites near Bandung include the Tangkuban Prahu volcano crater to the north, the Kawah Putih volcano lake, and Patenggang Lake, a lake surrounded by tea plantations almost 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the south of the metropolis.
To view the Bandung Basin clearly in its mountain environs, visitors travel to the Bongkor protected forest surface area (kawasan hutan lindung), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of Due west Manglayang Mountain in an area known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka and Cicaheum to the due north. The forest is located in 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) above sea level and is covered with pine trees managed by a government corporation Perhutani and tin can be accessed with 30 minutes drive from downtown.[65] [66] Visitors going to the north of the urban center also find Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda. The Cicaheum expanse also hosts Bukit Moko, a tourist spot famous for its views and its steel statue of a giant star called Puncak Bintang. Bandung has several museums that should exist visited past tourists, such as the Geological Museum of Bandung, the Indonesia Postal Museum, Sri Baduga Museum, and the Asian-African Conference Museum.[ citation needed ] The city government operates Bandros, a tourist bus, since 2014.[67]
Floating market place where local foods, snacks and items like wearable are carried by sellers on boats.
Sports [edit]
Bandung is the habitation of Persib Bandung, a professional football game lodge currently competing in the highest tier of Indonesian football, the Liga 1. Bandung is also home of Prawira Bandung (ex Garuda Bandung), a professional basketball club currently competes in the Indonesian Basketball League, with its home games in the GOR Citra Loonshit. The roads leading upward to Lembang and Dago are pop routes for mountain cycling on weekends, every bit Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda is zoned as car-costless on Sunday mornings.[68]
Other popular sports in Bandung include badminton and golf, with several golf game courses surrounding the city.
Media [edit]
Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including Pikiran Rakyat, Galamedia, and Tribun Jabar. Several local tv stations operate in Bandung, including TVRI Jawa Barat (a public regional station serving West Java, which headquartered in the city), Bandung TV, MQTV and PJTV. Many radio stations, such equally Ardan FM, KLCBS, MQFM and OZ Radio, also broadcast from Bandung.
The metropolis of Bandung was featured in the ninth and 10th leg of the American reality series The Astonishing Race 23.
Transport [edit]
Road [edit]
Bandung can be accessed by highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway called Cipularang Toll Route, connecting Djakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, was completed in May 2005 and is the fastest way to reach Bandung from the capital by route. Driving time is about 1.5 hours on average. There are three other options: the Puncak road (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang road (Dki jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From cities farther e (Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Fundamental Java province), Bandung tin can exist accessed through the main provincial road. Indonesian National Route 3 links Bandung with the residuum of Java towards Cilegon and Ketapang (Banyuwangi).
The Pasupati Bridge was built to relieve traffic congestion in the city for east–west transport. The 2.eight-kilometre (i.7 mi) cable-stayed span lies through the Cikapundung Valley. Information technology is thirty to 60 metres (98 to 197 feet) wide and, afterward extensive delays, it was finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from Kuwait.[69] The bridge is part of Bandung'south comprehensive inner-city highways programme.
Bandung has two intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the east. Both are at full capacity and are to be replaced by a new terminal at Gedebage on 15 hectares (37 acres) land, after which the quondam terminals will function as inner-urban center terminals. The new terminal will be located next to the Gedebage railway station near Gedebage container dry port.[70]
Local public and mass transportation [edit]
Trans Metro Pasundan corridor 3 bus stopping near the City Hall
Taxis and Online transport are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by angkot minibuses (from angkutan, "transportation" and kota, "city"); angkot are privately operated and serve multiple routes throughout the city, and although cheap, they are considered basic and uncomfortable.[71] To find verbal angkot routes, passengers may expect for information available through the drivers or at terminals.
Due to the current extent of railway lines in Bandung, only two named regional railway services, Lokal Bandung Raya and Lokal Garut Cibatuan, are serving the city, serving a single line. Information technology catered for the suburban areas eastward and west of the metropolis such equally Cimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka, equally well as some other neighbouring towns such as Garut and Purwakarta. KAI Commuter took over the operations of both services from its mother company KAI in 2022, anticipating planned electrification of the route by Ministry building of Ship.[72]
Public buses in Bandung and its surrounding urban area are operated by various operators, with a total 16 motorcoach lines currently operating. DAMRI buses used to dominate as the main omnibus operator serving the city and its surrounding metropolitan surface area, offset operating in the 1970s, with at some point operating more than ten routes. Withal, it collapsed in October 2021, leaving 5 routes still operating.[73] [74] Post-obit the example of TransJakarta, the city government introduced its own BRT organization called Trans Metro Bandung on 24 September 2009. Past 2022 it served 5 body corridors and i feeder routes.[75] Both DAMRI and Trans Metro Bandung buses uses higher deck buses like to TransJakarta, merely could be stopped anywhere forth its route and practise not run separately from traffic. Provincial authorities of West Java also operates a bus route called as Safe and Good for you Bus Rapid Transit (shortened Buratas), serving only a single line.[76] As function of nationwide motorbus services modernisation program called as Teman Double-decker, a more disciplined system branded as Trans Metro Pasundan was introduced by central government's Ministry of Transportation in Dec 2021. 2 operators, Big Bird (part of Bluish Bird Group) and DAMRI operated 5 routes inherited from former DAMRI routes under a contract with Ministry of Transport.[77] Introduction of new bus routes in Bandung oftentimes faced resistance from angkots and extortion attempts by so-called local patrons due to perception that their revenues existence stolen, leading to blockades and verbal threats against motorbus drivers.[78] [79] Due to fragmentation of brands and operators, passengers must pay once again when transiting to other BRT lines or to other modes such equally trains.
A more comprehensive program to revitalise the double-decker arrangement will be implemented in 2024, extending from the Trans Metro Pasundan projection. It would integrate all operators inside a single organization chosen BRT Bandung Raya, with proper Coach Rapid Transit features such as dedicated lanes, frequent double-decker availability and motorcoach stops.[80] The planned system intended to use electrical powered buses, both imported and locally produced.[81]
Bandung city government also operated a fleet of metropolis bout buses called as Bandung Tour on Bus (shortened Bandros).
Boseh is a dock-based wheel-sharing system provided past the Ship Service (Dinas Perhubungan) of Bandung.[82]
| System | Corridor No. | Origin and Destination | Blazon | Operational hours | Tariff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rails-based | |||||
| Bandung regional trains | B | Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka | Regional track | 04.25-00.39 | Greenbacks and Cashless: Rp. 5.000,- |
| C | Purwakarta-Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka-Cibatu-Garut | ||||
| Bus lines | |||||
| Trans Metro Pasundan | K1D | Leuwi Panjang - Gading Tutuka (Soreang) (via Soroja Highway) | Jitney rapid transit | 05.00-18.00 | Free (Trial Period)*: Rp. 0,- *until xxx October 2022 Rp. four.900,- (31 Oct 2022 & afterwards) |
| K2D | Kota Baru Parahyangan - Alun-Alun Bandung (Bandung City Square) | 05.00-19.thirty | |||
| K3D | Baleendah - BEC | 04.30-20.00 | |||
| K4D | Leuwi Panjang - Dago | 05.00-18.00 | |||
| K5D | Dipatiukur - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | ||||
| Trans Metro Bandung | K1 | Cibiru - Cibeureum | City bus | 05.25-18.30 | Greenbacks: Rp. 4.000,- Rp. ii.000,- (students' rebate) |
| K2 | Cicaheum - Cibeureum | 05.25-18.45 | |||
| K3 | Cicaheum - Sarijadi | Bus rapid transit | 05.25-19.00 | ||
| K4 | Antapani - Leuwi Panjang | City bus | 05.45-18.00 | ||
| K5 | Antapani - Stasiun Hall | 05.45-17.00 | |||
| K6F | Stasiun Hall - Gunung Batu | *TBA | |||
| DAMRI (Trans Bandung Raya) | D6A | Elang - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | Greenbacks: Rp. 13.000,- | ||
| D8 | Tanjungsari - Kebon Kalapa | Cash: Rp. 14.000,- | |||
| D11 | Cibiru - Cicaheum - Leuwi Panjang | Greenbacks: Rp. 8.000,- | |||
| DKBP | Alun-alun Bandung (Bandung Urban center Foursquare) - Kota Baru Parahyangan (via Pasteur Highway) | Cash: Rp. 1 3 .000,- Cashless: Rp. one 0 .000,- | |||
| Buratas | MJL | Leuwi Panjang - Majalaya | 06.00-fourteen.00 (from Leuwi Panjang) 08.00-xvi.00 (from Majalaya) | Cash: Rp. 5.000,- Rp. 0,- (seniors' rebate) | |
Air [edit]
Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Drome serves direct domestic flights to Batam, Pekanbaru, Medan, Bandar Lampung, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Semarang, Banjarmasin, Makassar, and likewise international services to/from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The airport is located about the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground. The Kertajati International Airport in Majalengka Regency is congenital to supercede the Husein Sastranegara Airport.[83] [84]
Railway [edit]
Bandung has two big railway stations, Bandung and Kiaracondong Stations. Other smaller stations are Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom, Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations (only for freight service). Railway lines connect Bandung to Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang, and Cikampek to the west, and Surabaya, Malang, Yogyakarta, and Solo to the east.
Current and future development [edit]
Xxx-two bus shelters for Trans Metro Bandung (similar to TransJakarta) forth Jalan Soekarno-Hatta were finished in August 2011 at the price of Rp 13.ane billion ($i.54 one thousand thousand). Thirty additional buses joined the existing operation of ten buses after all the shelters were finished.[85]
In 2012, phase-1 of Bandung electric commuter rail system was scheduled to be congenital to connect Padalarang, Cimahi, Bandung, and Cicalengka with 13 Trans Metro Bandung bus corridors to serve as feeders. Phase-two will connect Cicalengka to Jatinangor.[86] As of today the system is still to build.
On 21 June 2011, Perum DAMRI launched two buses on the Cibiru-Kebon Kelapa specially for female person passengers only with female drivers.[87]
On five August 2011, Jusuf Kalla announced that he would similar to build a monorail in Bandung with a value of Rp 4 trillion ($470 million).[88]
Every bit of April 2012[update], a cablevision car projection 'Bandung Skybridge' to connect Pasteur (Cihampelas) to Sabuga (Taman Sari) was said to be xc% consummate and pending legal authorisation to operate.[89] However, as of 2016[update], the project has all the same to exist realised. To ease Cihampelas traffic congestion, the city mayor, Ridwan Kamil inaugurated a skywalk for pedestrians only from Cihampelas to Tamansari on 4 Feb 2017. The skywalk, named Teras Cihampelas, was built with a upkeep of Rp 45 billion.[xc] Vehicles will be able to be parked at Tamansari.[91] The urban center has likewise announced an intention to build LRT (Light Rail Transit).
Bandung is planned to be served by Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rails via its terminus in Tegalluar, located east of the city in Bandung Regency. Due to constraints, stations serving Bandung are neither within Bandung city center nor the limits of Bandung city. Instead, a feeder service volition ply between Padalarang HSR station and the main Bandung station, using existing tracks.
Pedagogy [edit]
Bandung has about fifty college educational institutions and is amidst the most pop destinations for didactics in Indonesia. There are hundreds of public and private schools in the city and several state-funded and administered Junior Loftier Schools (SMP Negeri), State High Schools (SMA Negeri) and State Vocational School (SMK). At to the lowest degree 16 universities—iii of which are state-endemic—and 45 professional person schools are scattered across the urban center. Didactics from social sciences and technology to tourism education can be found at ane of these universities.
Among the universities located in Bandung include Bandung Plant of Applied science (Institut Teknologi Bandung, ITB), Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran Academy), Telkom University (Universitas Telkom), National Institute of Technology (Indonesia) (Institut Teknologi Nasional), Parahyangan Catholic Academy, Universitas Islam Bandung (Bandung Islamic University), Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Universitas Islam Nusantara (Nusantara Islamic Academy), Universitas Pendidikan Republic of indonesia (Indonesia Academy of Educational activity), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic Land Academy), Universitas Pasundan (Pasundan University), Politeknik Negeri Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic), and Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bandung (Bandung Institute of Tourism), all existence considered among the all-time universities in their respective fields of speciality in Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is Republic of indonesia's oldest and most prestigious technical university. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954). Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM) is one of the first institutions of college didactics established after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education university in the country. Universitas Padjadjaran (established in 1956) is considered to be ane of the all-time universities in the country in the fields of medicine, police, advice, and economics.
International schools are also available in the metropolis. They include the Bandung Alliance Intercultural Schoolhouse, Bandung Independent School, Bandung Japanese School, Bina Bangsa School Bandung, Bina Persada Schoolhouse, and Stamford School. In the north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory is the only observatory in Republic of indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the start international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published, and in 1959, the observatory was absorbed as a function of the Department of Astronomy at the Bandung Institute of Technology.
Notable schools [edit]
- Trinitas Senior Loftier Schoolhouse
- SMA Negeri iii Bandung
- SMA Negeri 5 Bandung
- SMA Negeri 6 Bandung
- SMK Negeri 10 Bandung
- Bandung Alliance International School
- Bandung International School
Notable people [edit]
International relations [edit]
Several countries have set their consulates in Bandung, including French republic, Netherlands, Poland, Latvia, Hungary, Republic of austria, etc.
Bandung has sister relationships with a number of cities worldwide:
-
Almaty, Kazakhstan -
Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany[92] -
Cotabato City, Philippines -
Fort Worth, Texas, United states of america[93] -
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Nippon -
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China -
Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia - Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia[94] [95]
- Liuzhou, Guangxi, People's republic of china
-
Namur, Belgium[96] - Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
- Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia[97]
-
Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Southward Korea - Tianjin, China
-
Udon Thani, Udon Thani Province, Thailand - Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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External links [edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bandung.
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Bandung travel guide from Wikivoyage - The official website of Bandung Authorities
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung
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